What does a computer programmer do? Duties, pay, education and outlook
Computer programmers write, modify and test code and scripts that let software and applications work properly. A bachelor's degree is typical. BLS reports a median pay of $100,390 per year (May 2025) and projects employment to decline 7 percent from 2025 to 2035.
At a glance
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| SOC code | 15-1251 |
| O*NET code | 15-1251.00 |
| Typical entry education | Bachelor's degree |
| Median annual wage | $100,390 per year (May 2025) |
| Projected growth | -7 percent (decline), 2025 to 2035 |
| Number of jobs | 110,800 (2025) |
Source: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, accessed 31 October 2026.
What does a computer programmer do?
BLS says computer programmers write programs in languages such as C++ and Java, update and expand existing programs, test programs for errors and fix faulty lines of code, and create, modify and test code or scripts in software that simplifies development.
Work environment
Programmers usually work in office settings, most commonly in computer systems design and related services, which employs 24 percent. Self-employed workers account for 15 percent, and educational services employ 10 percent. Most work full time.
Education, training and licensing
BLS says a bachelor's degree in computer and information technology or a related field such as mathematics is typical. Certifications in specific programming languages or vendor products are optional, though some employers require them.
Skills that matter
BLS lists analytical skills, communication, detail orientation and problem-solving skills as important qualities for this work.
How much does a computer programmer make?
BLS reports a median annual wage of $100,390 for computer programmers (May 2025). The median is the wage at which half of workers earned more and half earned less. See the OOH pay tab and the OEWS data for your area. Our guide to researching pay explains how to read the figures.
Job outlook
BLS projects employment of computer programmers to decline 7 percent from 2025 to 2035. Even so, about 4,400 openings are projected each year on average. BLS says these openings come mostly from replacing workers who transfer to other occupations or leave the labor force, for example to retire. A shrinking occupation can still hire, but expect more competition for each opening.
How to get hired
- Publish working code samples and describe what each project does and what you tested.
- Show results on your resume: the tools you used, the volume you handled and the outcomes, without private customer or employer details.
- If you lack experience, see the no-experience resume guide.
- Practice with the interview prep hub.
When you are ready, search jobs on LiveRec.
Related occupations
Software developers, Web developers, Database administrators, Computer support specialists, Cybersecurity analysts.
Frequently asked questions
Are computer programmers in demand? BLS projects employment to decline 7 percent from 2025 to 2035, though it still expects about 4,400 openings per year from replacement needs.
What degree do programmers need? BLS says a bachelor's degree in computer and information technology or a related field such as mathematics is typical.
How much do computer programmers make? BLS reports a median annual wage of $100,390 for computer programmers (May 2025). Half of workers earned more and half earned less. Pay varies by employer, region and experience.
Is computer programmer a good career? BLS projects a 7 percent decline from 2025 to 2035. About 4,400 openings are projected each year. Whether it fits you depends on the work itself, so read the duties and work environment above.
Related guides
- What Does a Software Developer Do? Duties, Pay, Outlook
- What Does a Web Developer Do? Duties, Pay and Outlook
- What Does a Database Administrator Do? Pay and Outlook
- What Does a Computer Support Specialist Do? Pay, Outlook
Sources
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Computer programmers: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/computer-programmers.htm (accessed 31 October 2026)
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics: https://www.bls.gov/oes/ (accessed 31 October 2026)
- O*NET OnLine, 15-1251.00: https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/15-1251.00 (accessed 31 October 2026)
This is general information, not legal, tax or immigration advice. Rules change and your situation may differ. Consult a licensed attorney or qualified adviser.