OPT (Optional Practical Training)

Optional Practical Training (OPT) lets F-1 students work in a job directly related to their major for up to 12 months, per USCIS. The student applies for it with the school's Designated School Official; the employer does not file. Rules and dates vary by case.

Two types

• Pre-completion OPT is available after one full academic year. During the school term you may work 20 hours a week or less, and full time when school is not in session.
• Post-completion OPT is available after you finish your studies. You work part time (at least 20 hours a week) or full time.

All pre-completion OPT time is deducted from the post-completion period.

Steps, per USCIS

1. Ask your Designated School Official (DSO) for a recommendation. They endorse your Form I-20 and record it in SEVIS.
2. File Form I-765 with USCIS, with the fee and supporting documents.
3. Timing for post-completion OPT: you may apply up to 90 days before you complete your degree and no later than 60 days after. You must also file within 30 days of the DSO entering the recommendation.
4. Wait for approval. You may not start OPT until USCIS approves the I-765 and you receive your Employment Authorization Document (EAD).

What it means for job seekers

Your job must relate directly to your major. Employers do not file anything to start OPT. For a STEM degree, see STEM OPT for the extension. Check your EAD dates before you accept a start date.

Example

A graduate files Form I-765 within the window, receives the EAD card, then starts a job related to the degree.

Related terms and guides

• OPT guide
• STEM OPT
• CPT
• EAD

Sources

• USCIS, Optional Practical Training for F-1 students, https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/students-and-exchange-visitors/optional-practical-training-opt-for-f-1-students, accessed 31 October 2026

This is general information, not legal, tax or immigration advice. Rules change and your situation may differ. Consult a licensed attorney or qualified adviser.